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begriffe:atom

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Atom

Siehe auch: Atomismus


lat. engl. atom
franz. atome Gegenbegriffe
Wortfeld

Disziplinäre Begriffe


Material

A. Primärmaterial

1732Zedler, Johann Heinrich: (Art.) Atomi, in: Grosses vollständiges Universal Lexicon aller Wissenschafften und Künste, Bd. 2, S. 1047-1049.

B. Sekundärmaterial

Begriffsgeschichtliche Arbeiten

  • van Melsen, A. G. M., Kuno Lorenz: (Art.) Atom, in: Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie. Hg.v. J. Ritter. Bd. 1, Basel/Stuttgart, 1971, Sp. 603.

Sonstige Literatur

  • Alberti, Antonina: Atomo e „materia prima“ nell‘ epicureismi di Gassendi. Annali del Instituto Universitario Orientale. Studi filosofici 4, 1981, S. 95-126.
  • (Art.) Atom, in: Deutsches Fremdwörterbuch. Begonnen von Hans Schulz; fortgeführt von Otto Basler. Bd. 2: Antinomie - Azur. Berlin, 1996.
  • Berger, Jutta. Grenzgänge zwischen Physik und Chemie: Thermodynamik und chemische Kinetik? Kein Happy-End im 19. Jahrhundert. Centaurus 41/4, 1999, S. 253-279.
  • Bloch, Ernst: Die antike Atomistik in der neueren Geschichte der Chemie. Isis 3, 1913, S. 377-415.
  • Brock, W. H. u. D. M. Knight: The Atomic Debates: "Memorable and Interesting Evenings in the Life of the Chemical Society". Isis 56, 1965, S. 5-25.
  • Buchdahl, Gerd: Stadien der begrifflichen Entwicklung von Atomtheorien. In: Begriffswandel und Erkenntnisfortschritt in den Erfahrungswissenschaften. Hg.: F. Rapp u. H.-W. Schütt. Berlin, 1985. S. 101-129.
  • Bueck, Otto: Die Atomistik und Faradays Begriff der Materie. Eine logische Untersuchung. Marburg, 1905.
  • Carrier, Martin: Atome und Kräfte. Die Entwicklung des Atomismus und der Affinitätstheorie im 18. Jahrhundert und die Methodologie Imre Lakatos' . Diss. Univ. Münster, 1984.
  • Cole, Theron M. Jr.: Early Atomic Speculations of Marc Antoine Gaudin: Avogadro's Hypothesis and the Periodic System. Isis 66, 1975, S. 334-360.
  • Daub, Edward E.: Atomism and Thermodynamics. Isis 58, 1967, S. 292-303.
  • Fauque, Danielle: La Réception de la Théorie Atomique en France sous le Second Empire et au début de la IIIe République. Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Sciences 53, 2003, S. 64-112.
  • Fleck, George M.: Atomism in Late Nineteenth-Century Physical Chemistry. Journal of the History of Ideas 24.1, (1963) S. 106-114.
  • Frank, Richard M.: Bodies and Atoms: The Ash’arite Analysis. In: Islamic Theology and Philosophy. Studies in Honor of George F. Hourani. Albany/ N.Y., 1984. S. 39-53.
  • Freudenthal, Gideon: Atom und Individuum im Zeitalter Newtons. Suhrkamp, 1982.
    • Rezension: E.J. Aiton, Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Sciences 33, 1983, S. 358-359.
  • Furley, David: The Greek Cosmologists. Vol. 1: The formation of the atomic theory and ist earliest critics. Cambridge, London, New York, 1987
    • Rezension: Maurice Caveing. Revue d’Histoire des Sciences 43/4, 1990, S. 488-489.
  • Heller, Bruno: Grundbegriffe der Physik im Wandel der Zeit. Braunschweig, 1970. (Begriffsgesch. zu Atom S. 78 ff.).
  • Krips, H.: Atomism, Poincaré and Planck. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 17/1, 1986, S. 43-63.
Abstract: Planck's change in attitude to the question of whether atomic hypotheses were scientifically accessible is discussed. It is argued contra Holton, that Planck's change in attitude to this question did not signal a methodological shift towards realism. The point of doing this is not just to investigate a significant episode in the history of quantum theory, but also to use the episode as a case study in support of a broader historical thesis. This thesis is that there was a widespread late-nineteenth century methodological tradition which motivated the change in status of certain ontological claims — e.g., that atoms exist — from ‘inaccessible to science’ to ‘scientifically acceptable’ even though those claims were not strictly ‘observable’. This methodological tradition is a hybrid of positivist and realist views. Thus, contrary to one popular view, the fin de siécle triumph of atomism is not to be seen as a triumph for a realist view of science Poincare's views are also used as an illustration.
  • Lasswitz, Kurd: Geschichte der Atomistik vom Mittelalter bis Newton, 2 Bde., Hildesheim u.a. 1984.
  • Meinel, Christoph: Early Seventeenth-Century Atomism: Theory, Epistemology, and the Insufficiency of Experiment. Isis 79, 1988, S. 68-103.
  • Meinel, Christoph: ‘Das letzte Blatt im Buch der Natur’: Die Wirklichkeit der Atome und die Antinomie der Anschauung in den Korpuskulartheorien der frühen Neuzeit, Studia Leibnitiana 20 (1988), 1–18.
  • Melsen, Andreas Gerardus Maria van: Atom gestern und heute: die Geschichte des Atombegriffs von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. Freiburg, 1957.
  • Metz, André: La notation atomique et la théorie atomique en France à la fin du XIXe siècle. Revue d’Histoire des Sciences 16, 1963, S. 233-239.
  • Nash, Leonard K.: The Origin of Dalton's Chemical Atomic Theory. Isis 47, 1956 S. 101-116.
  • Nye, Mary Jo: The nineteenth-century atomic debates and the dilemma of an ‘indifferent hypothesis’. Studies In History and Philosophy of Science Part A 7/3 1976, S. 245-268.
  • Platania, Margherita (Ed.): Atom, Atomisme. In: Dies.: Les Mots de l’Histoire. Le vocabulaire Historique du Centre International de Synthèse. Neapel, 2000. S. 119-127.
  • Pohle, William: The Mathematical Foundations of Plato’s Atomic Physics. Isis 62/1, 1971, S.36-46.
  • Post, H. R.: Atomism 1900 II. Physics Education 3/6, 1968, 307-312.
Abstract: Many students identify atomism with `the' atomic theory, and consider the truth of the latter established. Textbooks list successes of the atomic theory in classical physics and chemistry. How, then, could outstanding scientists, such as Ostwald and Mach, at the turn of the century, deny the existence of atoms? The best answer is given by these anti-atomists themselves. Their controversy with Boltzmann and Planck illustrates general points in the study of the history and philosophy of science. One argument, the irreversibility paradox, is not resolved satisfactorily to this day. This is Part II of an article, the first part of which appeared in the September issue of Physics Education.
  • Post, Heinz: The Problem of Atomism. The Britisch Journal for the Philosophy of Science 26, 1975, S. 19-26. Vorschau
  • Robin, L.: L’Atomisme Ancien. Revue de Synthèse, 6, 1933, S. 205-216.
  • Rocke, Alan J.: The Reception of Chemical Atomism in Germany. Isis 70, 1979, S. 519-536.
  • Rostand, Jean: Esquisse d’une Histoire de l’atomisme en biologie. Revue d‘Histoire des Sciences 2, 1948/49, S. 251-265; 3, 1950, S. 156-169; 4, 1951, S. 41-59; 5, 1952, S. 155-170.
  • Rostand, Jean: L’atomisme en Biologie. Paris, 1956.
    • Rezension: Suzanne Delombre, Revue d‘Histoire des Sciences 9, 1956, S. 372-373.
  • Sambursky, S.: Conceptual Developments in Greek Atomism. Archives Internationales d’Histoire des Sciences 11, 1958, S. 251-262.
  • Silliman, Robert H.: William Thomson: Smoke Rings and Nineteenth-Century Atomism. Isis 54, 1963, S. 461-474.
  • Stones, G. B.: The Atomic View of Matter in the XVth, XVIth, and XVIIth Centuries. Isis 10, 1928, S. 445-465.
  • Sutcliffe, Brian T.: The development of the idea of a chemical bond. International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 58/6, 1996, S. 645-655.
  • Usselman, Melvyn C., Derek G. Leaist u. Katherine D. Watson: Dalton’s Disputed Nitric Oxide Experiments and the Origins of his Atomic Theory. ChemPhysChem 9/1, 2008, S. 106-110.
Abstract: In 1808 John Dalton published his first general account of chemical atomic theory, a cornerstone of modern chemistry. The theory originated in his earlier studies of the properties of atmospheric gases. In 1803 Dalton discovered that oxygen combined with either one or two volumes of nitric oxide in closed vessels over water and this pioneering observation of integral multiple proportions provided important experimental evidence for his incipient atomic ideas. Previous attempts to reproduce Daltons experiments have been unsuccessful and some commentators have concluded the results were fraudulent. We report a successful reconstruction of Daltons experiments and provide an analysis exonerating him of any scientific misconduct. But we conclude that Dalton, already thinking atomistically, adjusted experimental conditions to obtain the integral combining proportions.
  • Vlastos, Gregory: Minimal Parts in Epicurean Atomism. Isis 56, 1965 S. 121-147.

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